All the Canary Islands are lands shaped by fire, wind, and water over millions of years. Tenerife emerged from the bottom of the sea about 15 million years ago. Anaga, Teno, and the highlands of Adeje were the first pieces of this island. In contrast, the core was filled later on by explosive eruptions, which reached altitudes above 3,000 meters three times. The Teide-Pico Viejo complex is the fourth attempt of this island to reach such heights. From a bird’s-eye view, Tenerife showcases a dramatic volcanic landscape, constantly transformed by lava flows and volcanic ash. Without a doubt, Tenerife offers a unique glimpse into the island’s powerful geological history. At 3,718 meters, Teide Volcano stands as the island’s most famous volcanic treasure. Although less well-known, the island is home to more than 200 volcanic cones. If you really want to know Tenerife beyond the tourist beaches and hotspots, you must dive into its geological history.
Teide-Pico Viejo: The tallest roof of Spain
Standing at 3,718 meters, Mount Teide is the highest peak in Spain and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its imposing presence defines the island and draws adventurers and nature lovers from around the world. Teide National Park is made up of surreal landscapes of craters, lava fields, and unique rock formations. Being there feels like stepping onto another planet. If you’ve been there, you are not the first to have this feeling. The first astronomical expedition to the Canary Islands landed in Tenerife in the mid-19th century. The astronomers were so fascinated by the island’s central landscape. So, they named a mountain range on the Moon as Tenerife Mountain Range. Yes, Tenerife is on the Moon.
Beyond fascination, Teide is the third tallest volcano in the world when measured from its base on the ocean floor. Even more dramatically, it is among the ten most dangerous volcanoes in the world. Despite this, Teide is just a “baby volcano,” only 30,000 years old. You can climb it, but only if you secure your summit permit in advance. At the peak, you’ll feel warm air vents and smell sulfur, like rotten eggs. However, be cautious: at nearly 4,000 meters, it’s challenging and cold, and not all tourists are suited for this experience. If you decide to climb Teide, ensure you do an acclimatization trek the day before at around 2,000 meters. Even with the cable car, you can experience altitude sickness or discover underlying heart problems.
Image from Dóniz-Páez (2015)
Chinyero: Last Eruption in Tenerife
Chinyero Volcano, located near Santiago del Teide, was the site of Tenerife’s last volcanic eruption in 1909. Over the past 500 years, Tenerife has averaged one eruption every 100 years. In the Canary Islands as a whole, eruptions occur approximately every 50 years. If you do the math, you might think the bell is ringing. When, how, and where? Only nature knows.
Chinyero sits on Tenerife’s most active volcanic ridge, where about hundreds of volcanic cones can be found. Today, Chinyero is a peaceful area with well-marked hiking trails. Visitors can walk through black lava fields, pine forests, and fascinating volcanic terrain. The circular Chinyero trail is ideal for nature enthusiasts, offering a quieter alternative to the bustling Teide National Park.
Montaña Roja: Coastal Volcano Charm
Every mountain that looks like a volcano in Tenerife is almost certainly a volcano. Never doubt yourself. For those seeking a volcanic adventure by the sea, Montaña Roja near El Médano is a must-visit. This red volcanic cone stands out against the Atlantic ocean, creating a striking contrast. The trail to the summit is short but rewarding. It’s a great choice for families and casual hikers.
Volcanic Experiences Beyond Hiking
Tenerife’s volcanic legacy isn’t just about hiking, although hiking is the way to discover the real Tenerife. Exploring Tenerife’s volcanoes goes beyond Mount Teide. Visit natural rocky pools on the northern shore, such as those in Garachico. Relax on hidden black sandy beaches like Playa del Socorro. Marvel at the extreme seaside cliffs of Los Gigantes. Explore the lava tubes of Cueva del Viento. Or wander through landslide valleys like Orotava, Icod de Los Vinos, and Güímar.
The whole island is a unique geological heritage, a Disney World for geologist enthusiast. If you are a nature lover, Tenerife lanscape will surprise you, offering endless opportunities for adventure and wonder. Inevitably, you will feel nature capacity to slowly and dramatically shape the landscape we inhabit so briefly.
